Future changes in the distribution of two non-indigenous orchids and their acquired enemy in Puerto Rico

Establishment of new populations is contingent on overcoming abiotic and biotic barriers. While this applies to all species, these hurdles are at the forefront invasion biology where prediction, prevention, eradication, control strategies depend an understanding processes. Terrestrial Arundina graminifolia epiphytic Dendrobium crumenatum two non-indigenous orchids spreading throughout Puerto Rico. The species have acquired a native herbivore seed predator, orchid-specialist weevil, Stethobaris polita. With recently presence records three land cover data downscaled climate variables, we modeled their potential distributions under current conditions also those projected least most extreme scenarios for 2050 2070. We show that D. flourishes in urban environments which provide refugia from S. polita, whereas there currently limited A. polita attack, as orchid has similar climatic niches weevil. Projections into suggest range retractions with decreased extent both subject attack. Thus, illustrate island invasions how change will likely alter distribution interactions.